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Termites are less likely to be attacked by parasites than bees, wasps and ants, as they're usually well protected in their mounds.122 Nevertheless, termites are infected by many different parasites. A few of them include dipteran flies,123 Pyemotes mites, and also a high number of nematode parasites. Many nematode parasites are in the order Rhabditida; many others are in the genus Mermis, Diplogaster aerivora and Harteria gallinarum.
M. anispliae is known to weaken the termite immune system. Infection with A. nomius only occurs when a colony is under great anxiety. .
Termites are infected by viruses including Entomopoxvirinae and the Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus.130131
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Foraging behavior depends on the type of termite. By way of example, certain species feed on the wood constructions they inhabit, and others harvest food that is near the nest.132 Most employees are rarely found out in the open, and do not forage unprotected; they rely on sheeting and runways to protect them from predators.
When they find a food source, they communicate to other soldiers and a small force of workers starts to emerge. In the second stage, employees appear in massive numbers in the website. The next stage is indicated by a drop in the number of soldiers present and an increase in the number of employees.136 Isolated researchers may engage in Lvy flight behavior within an optimised way for finding their nestmates or foraging for food.137.
Competition between two colonies always ends in agonistic behaviour towards one another, resulting in fights. These fights can cause mortality on either side and, in some cases, the gain or reduction of land.138139"Cemetery pits" may be present, where the bodies of dead termites are buried.140
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Studies indicate that when termites encounter each other in foraging areas, a few of the termites intentionally block passages to prevent other termites from entering.134141 Dead termites from other colonies found in exploratory tunnels leads to the isolation of the area and thus the need to construct new tunnels.142 Conflict between two competitors does not always happen.
Since C. formosanus colonies may get into physical conflict, some termites squeeze closely into foraging tunnels and die, successfully blocking the tunnel and ending all agonistic activities.144.
Among the reproductive caste, neotenic queens may compete with each other click for more to be the dominant queen when there are no primary reproductives. This struggle among the queens leads to the elimination of all but a single queen, which, together with the king, accepts over the colony.145
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Ants and termites can compete with each other for nesting space. In particular, ants that prey on termites usually have a negative effect on arboreal nesting species.146
Most termites are blind, therefore communication primarily occurs through chemical, mechanical and pheromonal cues.41134 These methods of communication are used in a variety of tasks, including foraging, locating reproductives, construction of nests, recognition of nestmates, nuptial flight, and locating and fighting enemies, and defending the nests.41134 The most common method of communicating is via antennation.134 A number of pheromones are known, including contact pheromones (that are transmitted when employees are engaged in trophallaxis or grooming) and alarm, trail and sex pheromones.
Trail pheromones are secreted from the sternal gland, and sex pheromones derive from two glandular sources: the sternal and tergal glands.41 When termites go out to search for food, they forage in columns along the ground throughout vegetation. A trail can be identified from the faecal deposits or runways that are covered by items.
When termites construct their nests, they use predominantly indirect communication. No single other termite are in charge of any specific construction project. Individual termites respond rather than think, however in a set level, they exhibit a type of collective cognition. Particular structures or other items such as pellets of soil or pillars cause termites to start building.
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The outcome is a self-organised process where the information that sends termite activity results from changes in the environment rather than from direct contact among individuals.134.
Termites can distinguish nestmates and non-nestmates through chemical communication and gut symbionts: compounds consisting of hydrocarbons discharged from the cuticle permit the recognition of alien species.148149 Every colony has its own distinct odour. This odour is a result of genetic and environmental factors such as the termites' diet andThe composition of these bacteria within the termites' intestines.150.
Termites rely on alarm communication to defend a colony.134 Alarm pheromones can be Discover More released when the nest has been breached or is being attacked by enemies or potential pathogens. Termites always avoid nestmates infected with Metarhizium anisopliae spores, through vibrational signals released by infected nestmates.151 Additional procedures of defence include intense jerking and secretion of fluids in the frontal gland and defecating faeces containing alarm pheromones.134152.